Leveraging Technology to Promote the Implementation of Competency-Based Curriculum in Kenya and Uganda

Abstract

Despite growing investments in digital technologies and the adoption of Competency-Based Curriculum (CBC) reforms in Kenya and Uganda, there remains limited evidence on how technology can be strategically leveraged to support effective CBC implementation. Existing studies have largely examined curriculum reforms and technology integration separately, with insufficient synthesis of the opportunities, challenges, and practical strategies for technology-supported competency-based learning in the two countries. This study examined the role of technology in promoting the implementation of CBC in Kenya and Uganda. The study employed a qualitative desk review design based on a systematic analysis of peer-reviewed literature, government policy documents, curriculum frameworks, and reports from international organisations published between 2017 and 2026. Data were analysed using thematic content analysis to identify emerging patterns related to technology integration and CBC implementation. The findings revealed that technology enhances learner-centred pedagogy, personalised learning, continuous assessment, teacher professional development, digital literacy, communication, and access to educational resources. Technologies such as mobile learning platforms, virtual learning environments, digital assessment tools, and educational applications were found to significantly improve learner engagement and competency acquisition. However, inadequate infrastructure, limited teacher preparedness, unequal access to digital technologies, financial constraints, and persistent rural–urban disparities continue to hinder effective implementation. The study recommends increased investment in digital infrastructure, continuous teacher capacity building, development of localized digital content, equitable access policies, and strengthened stakeholder partnerships. The study concludes that technology is not merely a supporting resource but a critical driver of successful CBC implementation capable of improving educational quality, reducing learning inequalities, and preparing learners for participation in the digital knowledge economy.