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Knowledge, Attitude and Acceptability of Vasectomy Among Married Men: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Lira City, Northern Uganda
(Lira University, 2025) Ayo, Tonny; Bakesiima, Ritah
Background: Vasectomy is a highly effective method of male contraception; however, its uptake remains low in many sub-Saharan African contexts, including Uganda. This study assessed the levels of knowledge, attitudes, and acceptability of vasectomy among married men in Lira City and identified factors influencing its acceptability. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among 421 married men in Lira City using a cluster multistage sampling technique. Data was collected through face-to- face interviews with a structured, pretested questionnaire. Data entry and analysis were performed in STATA version 17. Descriptive statistics, bivariable, and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted, with adjusted odds ratios (AORs), 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and a significance level of p < 0.05 used to identify predictors of acceptability. Results: Overall, 83.4% of respondents had ever heard of vasectomy, mainly through the media, and 85% demonstrated adequate knowledge. About half (51%) expressed positive attitudes toward vasectomy, yet only 28% reported willingness to undergo the procedure. Predictors of acceptability included age 40–49 years (AOR = 1.411; 95% CI: 1.221–4.761), tertiary education (AOR = 0.406; 95% CI: 0.170–0.966), a desired family size of two to four children (AOR = 2.354; 95% CI: 1.363–4.067), and a positive attitude (AOR = 2.336; 95% CI: 1.459–3.741). Conclusion: Despite high awareness and knowledge, vasectomy acceptability among married men in Lira City remains low due to cultural beliefs and misconceptions. Recommendations: Targeted community-based education, male role model engagement, and integration of vasectomy counselling into routine family planning services are essential to enhance acceptability. Keywords: Knowledge, Attitude, Acceptability, Vasectomy, Married Men, Cross-Sectional Survey, Lira City, and Northern Uganda
Knowledge and Practices Towards Medical Waste Management Among Health Workers in Lango Sub Region: A Case of Lira District in Northern Uganda
(Lira University, 2025) Apilli, Hellen; Akello, Anne Ruth; Kigongo, Eustes
Background: Healthcare waste refers to hazardous materials generated from medical activities, including sharps, chemicals and pharmaceuticals. In Uganda, 60%–80% of healthcare care facilities do not comply with appropriate healthcare waste management protocols. In Lira district healthcare workers, patients and the public are directly affected by improper medical waste management which leads to contamination and disease blow-out. Study Aim and Objectives: This study assessed the level of knowledge and medical waste management practices among healthcare workers in Lango sub region using Lira district as a case study. Specifically, the study assessed the level of Knowledge of healthcare workers on medical waste management within different health facilities, described the practices of health care workers towards medical waste management within different health facilities and to established factors associated with medical waste management practices among health workers within different health facilities in lira district. Methods: This cross-sectional study surveyed 145 health workers from Health Centres II, III and IV in Lira district using structured questionnaires. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics to summarize findings and binary logistic regression to identify factors associated with good medical waste management practices at bivariate and multivariate levels. Results: The study revealed that only 5.52% of healthcare workers practiced proper medical waste disposal using incineration. Knowledge and practice levels varied, with only 21.38% of participants always recording waste disposal. Significant associations were found between proper waste disposal and factors such as age, gender, education level and labelling practices. Conclusion: Proper medical waste disposal practices remain low among healthcare workers in Lira district despite moderate knowledge levels. Factors such as younger age, male gender and lower education levels negatively influenced compliance with medical waste management. Recommendations: Strengthen training and capacity building by the District Health Office through regular and targeted training sessions focused on medical waste management for all cadres of health workers. Keywords: Knowledge, Practices, Towards, Medical Waste Management, Health Workers, Lango Sub Region, Lira District, and Northern Uganda
Determinants of Perceived Timeliness of Health Data Reporting In Kaabong District: A Mixed Method
(Lira University, 2025) Achuma, Isabirye Isaac; Opollo, Marc Sam; Opio, Bosco
Background: Globally, only 76% of health data is reported on time. In Uganda, the national average for reporting timeliness falls significantly below ideal, at 44%, while Kaabong District surpasses this national rate with a timeliness reporting of 82%. Objective: To identify the factors associated with the timeliness of health data reporting in HMIS among health facilities in Kaabong District. Methodology: This cross-sectional study adopted an embedded mixed-method approach to data collection. Quantitative data were collected using interviewer-administered questionnaires from a sample of health workers in Kaabong, calculated using the Kish-Leslie formula. Censored all the health facilities and purposive sampling was used to select KI. Qualitative data were gathered through key informant interview with the sample size determined by the saturation point. Quantitative data was analysed using STATA version 18 at the univariate, bivariate, and multivariate levels, while qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis using NVivo software. Ethical approval was obtained from the UNCST through the Lira University Research Ethics Committee (LUREC). Results: Quantitatively, 56.3% of health facilities reported health data on time. Availability of adequate resources was the only significant factor of timely reporting (Adjusted PR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.17–2.62, p = 0.007). Qualitative findings revealed that resource availability, supportive supervision, and staff competence influenced reporting timeliness, despite infrastructural and staffing challenges. Conclusion: Timely health data reporting in Kaabong District was moderate (56.3%), with performance improved by resource availability, highlighting the need for better infrastructure, supervision, and staff capacity to enhance HMIS reporting.
Level of and Factors Associated With Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness among Teenage Mothers in Kisoro District, Uganda
(Lira University, 2025) Hakizimana, Senatory; Opio, Bosco; Nabasirye, Caroline Kambugu
Background: Uganda is one of the Sub-Saharan countries with a high maternal mortality ratio estimated at 189 deaths per 100,000 live births. Birth preparedness and Complication readiness (BPCR) is an effective strategy for reducing maternal and neonatal mortality yet there is limited information on the level and factors associated with BPCR. The study determined the level of Birth BPCR and associated factors among teenage mothers in Kisoro district, Uganda. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 568 pregnant teenagers aged 13–18 years of age and in their third trimester in Kisoro District. A multistage sampling was used, and data was collected through interviewer-administered questionnaires based on the John Hopkins BPCR tool. The sample size was determined using Kish Leslie formula of 1965. Birth Preparedness and complication readiness was categorized as well-prepared (≥4 BPCR indicators) or poorly prepared (<4). Data were analyzed using Stata version 18, applying modified Poisson regression for associations. Results: Only 202 (35.6%) teenage mothers were well-prepared for birth; 64.4% were poorly prepared. Multivariate analysis showed Muslim teenagers were significantly more likely to be well-prepared compared to Catholics (Adjusted PR=1.11; 95% CI: 1.02–1.22; p=0.021). Poor health worker attitudes (Adjusted PR=0.93; p=0.022) and limited-service availability (Adjusted PR=0.94; p=0.027) were negatively associated with BPCR. Conclusion: BPCR among teenage mothers in Kisoro District is alarmingly low. Religion, health worker attitudes, and service availability significantly influenced preparedness. Interventions should focus on respectful, adolescent-friendly maternity care and equitable health service provision, while engaging religious and community leaders to address socio-cultural barriers.
Assessing Factors Associated with Appropriate Solid Waste Management Among Market Vendors in Minakulu Main Market, Oyam District, Northern Uganda
(Lira University, 2025) Onyang, Geoffrey; Akello, Anne Ruth; Ojok, Opio Innocent