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Recent Submissions

Forest resilience and tipping points at different spatio-temporal scales: approaches and challenges
(British Ecological Society, 2015) Reyer, Christopher P. O.; Brouwers, Niels; Rammig, Anja; Brook, Barry W.; Epila, Jackie; Grant, Robert F.; Holmgren, Milena; Langerwisch, Fanny; Leuzinger, Sebastian; Lucht, Wolfgang; Medlyn, Belinda; Pfeifer, Marion; Steinkamp, Jorg; Vanderwel, Mark C.; Verbeeck, Hans; Villela, Dora M.
1. Anthropogenic global change compromises forest resilience, with profound impacts to ecosystem functions and services. This synthesis paper reflects on the current understanding of forest resilience and potential tipping points under environmental change and explores challenges to assessing responses using experiments, observations and models. 2. Forests are changing over a wide range of spatio-temporal scales, but it is often unclear whether these changes reduce resilience or represent a tipping point. Tipping points may arise from interactions across scales, as processes such as climate change, land-use change, invasive species or deforestation gradually erode resilience and increase vulnerability to extreme events. Studies covering interactions across different spatio-temporal scales are needed to further our understanding. 3. Combinations of experiments, observations and process-based models could improve our ability to project forest resilience and tipping points under global change. We discuss uncertainties in changing CO2 concentration and quantifying tree mortality as examples. 4. Synthesis. As forests change at various scales, it is increasingly important to understand whether and how such changes lead to reduced resilience and potential tipping points. Understanding the mechanisms underlying forest resilience and tipping points would help in assessing risks to ecosystems and presents opportunities for ecosystem restoration and sustainable forest management.
Run Distribution Over Flattened Partitions
(2020) Nabawanda, Olivia; Rakotondrajao, Fanja; Bamunoba, Alex Samuel
The study of flattened partitions is an active area of current research. In this paper, our study unexpectedly leads us to the OEIS numbers A124324. We provide a new combinatorial interpretation of these numbers. A combinatorial bijection between flattened partitions over [n + 1] and the partitions of [n] is also given in a separate section. We introduce the numbers fn,k which count the number of flattened partitions over [n] having k runs. We give recurrence relations defining them, as well as their exponential generating function in differential form. It should be appreciated if its closed form is established. We extend the results to flattened partitions where the first s integers belong to different runs. Combinatorial proofs are given.
Effects of NPK and plant tea manure (Tithonia diversifolia) on growth rate of amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus L.) in soilless growing media
(African Journal of Agricultural Research, 2019) Chemutai, Roseline; Mwine, Julius; Awichi, Richard; Bwogi, Godfrey
Many countries are running short of agricultural land. Even where land appears to be available, soil fertility, water availability as well as nutrient mining still remains a challenge yet at the same time the world’s demand for food is rapidly increasing. Millions of square meters of soil are mined each year for use in vegetable nurseries and in backyard gardens in addition to excessive use of inorganic fertilizers. There are however a number of soilless growth media and organic sources of plant nutrients that could be used to address this problem. This study investigated the effects of application of NPK (Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium) and plant tea (Tithonia diversifolia) manure on selected soilless growing media on growth rate of Amaranthus cruentus L. This was to determine their suitability as an alternative growing media. A split plot design was used and the experiments carried out for two seasons. The soilless growing media investigated were: charcoal dust, saw dust, dry coffee husks, and mixture of charcoal and saw dust (1:1), saw dust and coffee husks (1:1), charcoal dust and coffee husks (4:1) and a compound mixture of charcoal dust, sawdust and coffee husks (2:2:1). The growing media were randomized in the three split blocks with eight pots each. Growth rates in terms of shoot height, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, stem girth and root length were measured for two seasons. Results indicated that all the growth media could support amaranth growth. However, a mixture of charcoal dust and dry coffee husk (4:1 respectively) with application of plant tea manure significantly affected the growth rate of A. cruentus (p<0.05) Mixture of charcoal dust and dry coffee husk (4:1 respectively) with application of either NPK or plant tea manure could be used as the best alternative growth media. Soilless growth media that constituted of charcoal dust and coffee husks could be explored for amaranth production in home kitchen gardens in rural areas and backyard gardens in urban areas.
“We Cure Sickle Cell Disease with Herbs”: Perspectives of Herbal Medicine Practitioners Treating Sickle Cell Disease in the Acholi Sub- Region
(Dovepress, 2025) Awor, Silvia; Opee, Jimmyy; Ocaya, Denis; Ocaya, Jimmy; Abola, Benard; Malinga, Geoffrey Maxwell; Oryema, Christine; Arwenyo, Beatrice; Ongwech, Acaye; Musoke, David; Nnamuyomba, Proscovia; Epila, Jackie
Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic blood disorder that results in the deformation of red blood cells under low oxygen conditions, causing vaso-occlusive crises and severe complications. While hydroxyurea has been introduced as a treatment for SCD, herbal medicines remain widely used across Africa. Northern Uganda has a high SCD prevalence of 20.5%, yet limited research exists on alternative treatment options within local communities. This study aimed to explore the perspectives of herbal medicine practitioners in the Acholi sub-region. Methods: We conducted in-depth interviews between October and December 2024 involving 24 herbal medicine practitioners in the Acholi sub-region, selected through referrals and non-probability snowball sampling. All data collected were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using thematic content analysis, and emerging themes were presented. Results: All participants believed herbal medicine could cure SCD, and the majority reported successfully treating patients. However, some practitioners remembered some patients who reported being sick with sickle cell crises many years after the “cure”. “When they report improvement, I stop medication after some time…” thereafter, “I encourage them to go to the hospital, but they do not. They can stay without falling sick for a long time and declare themselves healed”. Findings suggest herbal medicines are commonly used for SCD management in the Acholi sub-region. Most herbal medicine practitioners rely on the hospital diagnoses, although a few can tell who has sickle cell disease by looking at or touching them. A lot of mistrust exists between herbal medicine practitioners, the government, and researchers. This hinders efforts to integrate traditional medicine into mainstream healthcare and limits opportunities for scientific validation. Conclusion: Herbal medicine practitioners believe herbs can treat sickle cell disease; however, further research is needed to investigate the nature of these herbs and their mechanisms of action, thereby facilitating the integration of herbal medicine into conventional care. We discuss some implications of the study for practice and policy.
On the location of ratios of zeros of special trinomials
(Quaestiones Mathematicae, 2025) Ndikubwayo, I.; Bamunoba, Alex Samuel
Given coprime integers k, ℓ with k > ℓ ⩾ 1, and arbitrary complex polynomials A(z) and B(z) such that deg(A(z)B(z)) ⩾ 1, we consider the polynomial sequence {Pn(z)} satisfying the three-term recurrence relation