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Prevalence and Factors Associated with Postpartum Depression Among Postnatal Mothers in Industrial Division, Mbale City- A Mixed Method Study
(Lira University, 2024) Gimbo, Irene; Auma, Ann Grace; Ocen, Francis
Introduction: Postpartum depression (PPD) is a substantial cause of maternal morbidity. It reduces a mother’s ability to respond to her child’s needs and in severe cases mothers are prone to psychosis and infanticidal ideations. In Uganda, over 70 of 300 women suffer from PPD (Atuhaire, 2021) and despite this burden, the exact cause of postpartum depression has not yet been clearly explained. Study Objective: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with postpartum depression among postnatal mothers in Industrial division, Mbale City. Methods: A cross-sectional explanatory sequential design employing both qualitative and quantitative methods. Study subjects were selected using systematic sampling for quantitative data and convenience sampling for qualitative data. The Edinburgh postnatal depression scale with a cut of score of 7 was used to determine the prevalence of PPD, a researcher-administered questionnaire, and in-depth interviews were used to collect data on independent variables associated with postpartum depression. Data was cleaned, entered in excel and analyzed in STATA. At a univariate level, frequency distribution and percentages were used to present categorical data, at the bivariate level, the Chi-square test was used to test for the association between the dependent and independent variables and at multivariate level, the multivariate logistic regression was used at a 95% level of significance, and p-value set at 0.05. Results: The prevalence of postpartum depression was 32.5%. Marital status (AOR=2.640, p value=0.025), level of social support (AOR=0.287, p-value=0.031), age (AOR=4.357, p value=0.015,) and awareness on postpartum depression (AOR=4.053, p-value=0.001) were identified as predictors of postpartum depression. Conclusion and recommendations: The prevalence of PPD is high, which is an indicator of major weaknesses in the support system around a mother post-delivery, the integration of mental health services into maternal and child health service delivery is still weak. Therefore, a more integrated and holistic approach to Maternal and Child Health that encompasses maternal mental health screening and treatment coupled with capacity building for health workers should be developed and rolled out.
Prevalence of Hypertension and Associated Factors Among Diabetic Patients at Lira Regional Referral Hospital
(Lira University, 2024) Ezama, Geoffrey; Omech, Benard; Alobo, Gasthony
Background: Hypertension is common among diabetes mellitus patients and contributes to increased morbidity and mortality than the patients who only have diabetes mellitus alone. The contributing factors associated with hypertension in diabetes mellitus are not exhaustively known hence this study. Objective: To determine the prevalence of hypertension and associated factors among diabetic patients at Lira Regional Referral Hospital. Methods: In this cross-sectional study design a quantitative data collection method was conducted between July to October 2024, a systematic random sampling of 340 participants with confirmed diabetes mellitus were enrolled at Lira Regional Referral Hospital. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire adopted and modified from the WHO STEPS 2022 version. Patient charts and registers were used to verify information. Data was analyzed using STATA version 16 at univariate, bivariate (chi-square), and logistic regression at multivariate levels with p-value<0.05. Results: There was a high prevalence of hypertension of 67.1% among diabetic patients. Factors associated with hypertension include; Patients aged 61+ years (AOR=5.55, p=0.018), Overweight (AOR=3.77, p=0.042), Diabetes for more than five years (AOR=2.51, p=0.002), being widowed patients (AOR=8.04, p=0.005), and earning UGX 50,001–100,000 were less likely to have hypertension (AOR=0.35, p=0.037). Conclusion: The findings suggest that older age, overweight, longer diabetes duration, and marital status significantly increase hypertension risk, while moderate-income may offer a protective effect.
Financial Literacy and Performance of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises in Lira City
(Lira University, 2025) Akidi, Precillia Hope; Ejang, Mary
The study examined financial literacy and performance of small and medium sized enterprises in Lira City. Specific objectives included; to examine the relationship between cash management and SMEs performance in Lira City, to examine the relationship between savings and SMEs performance, to investigate the relationship between credit management and SME performance in Lira City and to examine relationship between book keeping and SMEs performance. The study used a descriptive and correlation research design. The study adopted mixed method using both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Stratified sampling was used to ensure that the diverse types of SMEs in Lira City were proportionally represented. Stratified Random Sampling was applied within each business sector and size group to ensure that the sample represented each subgroup proportionally. Quantitative data was obtained through closed- ended questionnaires and the qualitative data through, personal interviews and key informants 'interviews with the aid of interview guide. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlations and multiple regression models. The findings indicate that key financial management practices such as saving, cash management, and credit management do not statistically correlate with the performance of SMEs in Lira City. However, bookkeeping practices show a significant positive correlation with SME performance. The regression analysis suggests that financial literacy; saving, cash management, credit management, and bookkeeping, though valuable, may not independently drive SME performance in Lira City. The study suggests that factors beyond financial literacy significantly influence SME performance. Future research could explore these additional variables in more depth.
Stakeholder's Participation in Solid Waste Management in Lira City
(Lira University, 2025) Agech, Patrick; Obonyo, Jimmy Francis
The study aimed to investigate the role of stakeholder participation in solid waste management (SWM) within Lira City, Uganda, amidst challenges posed by rapid urbanization and inadequate infrastructure. The introduction highlighted the historical context of SWM in Lira, emphasizing a transition from informal practices to a structured system, while noting persistent issues such as inadequate resource allocation and regulatory enforcement. Theoretical frameworks, including Stakeholder Theory and Integrated Solid Waste Management Theory, informed the analysis of how stakeholder engagement affects SWM outcomes. The research identified key themes through qualitative methods, such as interviews and focus groups, revealing public disillusionment due to ineffective policy enforcement, political interference, and resource limitations Stakeholder engagement was often superficial, with community members feeling their input was not genuinely valued. Political dynamics significantly influenced resource allocation and regulatory practices, undermining effective waste management. The findings suggested that enhancing stakeholder collaboration, improving enforcement mechanisms, and addressing political and resource-related challenges could lead to more effective SWM in Lira. Recommendations included establishing a multi-stakeholder partnership, formalizing the role of informal waste collectors, and implementing localized awareness campaigns. Further research was recommended to assess the long-term impacts of collaborative strategies and to explore socio-cultural factors influencing waste management behaviors. Overall, the study underscored the necessity for an inclusive, accountable, and effective SWM framework in Lira City.
Level of and Factors Influencing Utilization of Measles Immunization Services for Children Under 5 Years in Lira District
(Lira University, 2024) Atim, Romeo; Opollo, Marc Sam; Nyeko, Richard
Background: Measles remains a critical global health issue, with the World Health Organization targeting 95% vaccination coverage for herd immunity. In sub-Saharan Africa, the first dose utilization of the measles vaccine is 74%, and in Lira District, Uganda, 58% of children under five have received the recommended two doses of measles immunization. This study investigated the level of and factors influencing utilization of measles immunization services among children under 5 years in Lira district. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Ogur and Agali Sub-counties of Lira District, using both quantitative and qualitative methods. The quantitative component involved a survey of 409 children under 5 years, selected through systematic random sampling, and data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for univariate, bivariate, and multivariate logistic regression analyses. The qualitative component comprised in-depth interviews with healthcare providers, opinion leaders, and district health officials, with thematic analysis to extract themes. Ethical approval was sought from LUREC. Results: Measles vaccination completion among children was 19.6%. The analysis confirmed that factors positively influencing vaccination utilization included ANC attendance (Adjusted OR=1.65, p=0.002), higher education (Adjusted OR=1.40, p=0.023) and vaccine availability (Adjusted OR=1.40, p=0.020) Major barriers were high transportation costs (OR=0.60, p=0.010), cultural beliefs against vaccination (OR=0.55, p=0.006) and being denied vaccination on non vaccination day (Adjusted OR= 0.65, p=0.010). Qualitative results showed lack of awareness, cultural belief, vaccines shortage and access to health facility were barriers. Conclusion: The level of uptake in Ogur and Agali was quite low (19.6%) and associated factors influencing measles immunization uptake in Lira District are antenatal care, higher education, vaccine availability, transportation costs and cultural beliefs against immunization.