Department of Commerce and Business Management.

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Adult Learning: An Alternative Gateway to Women's Improved Participation in Children’s Education in Lango Region, Northern Uganda
(International Journal of Education, Training and Learning, 2022) Akello, Judith Abal; Lutwama-Rukundo, Evelyn
This research explored the contribution of Functional Adult Literacy training (FAL) and what it did to women’s involvement in children’s education in Apac District. The main objective of this study was to explore whether and how women participants in Lango Region supported their children’s education from the skills acquired from FAL training. A study of 7 participants based on qualitative interpretive framework intended to examine the benefits reaped by FAL-trained women after their positive perception and support to children’s education. Using individual in-depth and key informant interviews based on qualitative content analysis, the study indicates that women trained in FAL became active agents of their socio and economic development. The study was influenced by Kabeer's socio-economic perspective and Freire's literacy perspective, both of which emphasize the importance of conscientisation in making marginalized non-literates actors of socio-economic progress. Women who participated in FAL obtained abilities that vividly improved their lives, according to the conclusions, which were based on facts or witnessed evidence inductively derived from the participants. Furthermore, the women gained a better understanding of their role and influence on their children's academic achievement, perseverance, and success as a result of the practical skills. Therefore, this study recommends that key stakeholders like, Ministry of Gender, Labour and Social Development, global supporters, (Non-Governmental Organisations) NGOs as well as Civil Society Organisations should prioritise in supporting putting into practice FAL training.
Contribution of Village Saving and Loan Association (VSLA) to Household Welfare Improvement in Bala Sub-County, Kole District, Uganda
(Lira University, 2021) Ocen, Tom; Akello, Judith Abal
The study was conducted to examine the effect of VSLA loan activities on poverty reduction in Bala Sub-County. Specifically, the study examined the effect of lending modality on the household welfare improvement in Bala Sub-County, assessed the effect of financial literacy on the household improvement in Bala Sub-County and assessed the effect of small business financing on the household welfare improvement in Bala Sub-County. The study employed cross sectional design and the approaches used were both quantitative and qualitative; the sample size of the study population was 110 respondents comprising of members of VSLA in Bala Sub-County, the District Commercial Officer and Community Development Officer. From the target population of 110, a sample size of 86 respondents was determined using Krejcie and Morgan. Simple random sampling and purposive sampling techniques were applied to sample the respondents. Questionnaires were used to collect quantitative primary data while interview guide and Focus Group Discussion was employed to collect qualitative data. Data analysis was done using the help of the SPSS version 23. Correlation coefficient was used to test the strength and the direction of the relationship between the variables. The findings of the study revealed that household welfare was positively and significantly correlated with lending modality, financial literacy and small business financing. Finally, the results of the regression revealed that VSLA lending modality, financial literacy and small business financing all had a positive significant effect on the level of household welfare hence poverty reduction among members of VSLA in Bala Sub-County. Based on the findings, the study concluded that all the credit activities of the VSLA that were studied by the researcher affect the level of household welfare among the members of the VSLA in Bala Sub-County. The study therefore recommended that government should support the VSLA activities as it is playing a big role in reducing the level of poverty among the poor people at the grassroot level who can not access credit facilities from the formal financial institutions in Uganda.
Contribution of Village Saving and Loan Association (VSLA) to HouseholdWelfare Improvement in Kole District- Northern Uganda
(European Journal of Business and Management, 2022) Ocen,Tom; Akello, Judith Abal
Abstract The study was conducted to examine the effect of VSLA loan activities on poverty reduction in Bala Sub-county. Specifically, the study examined the effect of lending modality on the household welfare improvement in Bala Sub-county, assessed the effect of financial literacy on the house welfare improvement in Bala Sub-county and assessed the effect of small business financing on the household welfare improvement in Bala Sub-county. The study employed cross-sectional design and the approaches used were both quantitative and qualitative; the sample size of the study population was 110 respondents comprising of members of VSLA in Bala Sub-county, the District Commercial Officer and Community Development officer. From the target population of 110, a sample size of 86 respondents was determined using Krejcie and Morgan. Simple random sampling and purposive sampling techniques were applied to sample the respondents. Questionnaires were used to collect quantitative primary data while interview guide and focus group discussion was employed to collect qualitative data. Data analysis was done with the help of SPSS version 23. Correlation coefficient was used to test the strength and the direction of the relationship between the variables. The finding of the study revealed that household welfare was positively and significantly correlated with lending modality, financial literacy and small business financing. Finally, the results of regression revealed that VSLA lending modality, financial literacy and small business financing all had a positive significant effect on the level of household welfare hence poverty reduction among members of VSLA in Bala Sub-county. Based on the above findings, the study concluded that all the credit activities of the VSLA that were studied by the researcher affect the level of household welfare among the member of VSLA in Bala sub-county. The study therefore recommended that government should support the VSLA activities as it is playing a big role in reducing the level of poverty among the poor people at the grass root level who cannot access credit facilities from the formal financial institutions in Uganda.
Financial Rewards and Employee Commitment in Local Governments in Uganda: A Case Study of Apac Municipal Council
(2021) Opio, Gerald; Akello, Judith Abal
The aim of this study is to assess the effect of financial rewards on employee commitment of employees in Apac Municipal Council. The specific objectives of the study were as follows: to determine the effect of financial rewards on affective commitment of employees in Apac Municipal Council; to assess the effect of financial rewards on normative commitment of employees in Apac Municipal Council; to assess the effect of financial rewards on continuance of commitment of employees in Apac Municipal Council. The sample size of the study was 135 which comprised of 132 teachers, Municipal Education Officer, Senior Inspector of Schools, and inspector of schools. Primary data was collected using the questionnaire method while secondary data was collected through documentary review. The data obtained was processed using statistical package for social scientists (SPSS) and was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The analyzed data was presented using graphs, charts and tables. Results indicate that there was a fairly positive significant relationship between financial rewards and affective commitment (r=0.506, p<0.05), moderately significant relationship between financial rewards and normative commitment (r=0.307, p<0.05) and moderately positive significant relationship between financial rewards and continuance commitment (r=0.346, p< 0.05). The study found out that financial rewards had a positive significant effect on affective commitment (coef. 0.513, p<0.05), normative commitment (coef. 0.306, p<0.05) and continuance commitment (coef. 0.433, p<0.05) of employees in Apac Municipal Council. The study recommended that Apac Municipal Council should carry out salary reviews in order to develop a reward management structure that is externally competitive, internally fair and consistent with the current acceptable international rates. It was also recommended that the top management in Apac Municipal Council should encourage employees to participate in decision making and they should implement employees’ decisions.
Functional Adult Literacy and Vocational Training: Women's Opportunity for Socio-Economic Development in Uganda. A Case Study of Apac District-Northern Uganda
(2021) Akello, Judith Abal; Bohlinger, Sandra
The study was about women's opportunity for socio-economic development based on their experiences on Functional Adult Literacy (FAL) and integrated vocational training in Apac District-Northern Uganda. The main objective of this study was to explore whether and how women participants in Apac District derived socio-economic benefits from FAL as well as integrated vocational training. The study was informed by agency theory from Freire's literacy theory and Kabeer's socio-economic perspective which contend on the component of awareness or by making marginalised non-literate's agents of socio-economic development. These theories helped to explore and establish the socio-economic transformation experienced by women as a result of their participation in FAL in addition to integrated vocational training. These transformations were captured by comparing the kinds of life led by the women prior to and after FAL and integrated vocational training, in terms of participating in communities, family settings, awareness on the value of training and participating on income generating group projects. The study mainly used qualitative case study research design focusing on the experiences of 35 participants both in the rural and urban setting. Using Focused Group Discussions (FGDs) and key informant interviews, this study revealed the conditions of women before and after benefiting from FAL with integrated vocational skills. The findings of this study inductively generated from the participants revealed that women who acquired FAL in addition to integrated vocational skills significantly transformed their socio-economic lives. Opportunity for FAL and integrated vocational training improved women's daily lives in terms of confidence to participate in community undertakings and local council leadership. In addition, the women became self-employed, profited from income generating group projects, made re-investments of savings from the income generated. In turn, the well-being for themselves and their families greatly improved. Therefore, the study recommends that the Ministry of Gender, Labour and Social Development (MGLSD) which coordinates FAL training in Uganda along with other departments, such as international partners, NGO's and civil society organisations should prioritise, support and strengthen the FAL learning with integrated vocational training policies. [The research was funded by DAAD (German Academic Exchange Service).]
Functional Adult Literacy Levels: Relevance to Women’s Improved Income Generation in Apac District- Northern Uganda
(International Journal of Education, Training and Learning, 2022) Akello, Judith Abal; Lutwama-Rukundo, Evelyn
This study explores the experiences of women about the levels of skills acquired by Functional Adult Literacy (FAL) -trained women and their ability to improve their financial status and well-being in Apac District, Northern-Uganda. This was a qualitative case study research design centering on the ability of 31 grassroots’ women and selected men who are family members to the women. The study was underpinned by agency principle from and Freire’s literacy theory and Kabeer’s socioeconomic viewpoint which contend on the awareness or conscientisation by making marginalised non-literate women agents for social and economic development. The study established that reading, writing and numeracy skills contributed to consciousness about the skill of bookkeeping by adult women which has played a significant part to improving their ability to participate in income generating activities. To conclude, Ministry of Gender, Labour and Social Development (MoGLSD), NGO’s, international donors, as well as civil society organisations, must prioritise and render support in carrying out FAL training.
Functional Adult Literacy: An Alternative Gateway to Grassroots Women’s Improved Income Generation in Lango Subregion, Northern Uganda
(Sage, 2017) Akello, Judith Abal; Lutwama-Rukundo, Evelyn; Musiimenta, Peace
This article presents findings of study on women’s experiences of Functional Adult Literacy (FAL) as a gateway to their financial progress and welfare in Lango region, Northern Uganda. The qualitative study of 45 participants aimed at examining women’s live changes resulting from using their acquired FAL knowledge and skills to participate in Income Generating Activities. The study demonstrates that FAL brings out women’s individual and collective agency through “conscientization” concept and dialogue as tools for marginalized people in the act of social and economic change agents. This argument is grounded within agency concept that portray the power of the oppressed individual as well as collective agency. Findings revealed that FAL training improves women’s livelihood. The article concludes that Government, international development partners, NGOs, and civil society should ensure strong support and implementation of FAL program because it can help women succeed in the contemporary world.
Functional Adult Literacy: The Influence on Women’s Improved Health Promotion Behaviours in Apac District, Northern-Uganda
(Research on Humanities and Social Sciences, 2021) Akello, Judith Abal; Musiimenta, Peace
This article is about women’s experiences of Functional Adult Literacy (FAL) as a means to their improved Health Promotion Behaviours in Apac District, Northern Uganda. The qualitative study of 29 participants aimed at examining women’s improved well-being resulting from using their acquired FAL knowledge and skills to participate in health promotion behaviours. The study was informed by Kabeer’s agency theory and Freire’s literacy perspective which argue on the element of conscientisation or awareness by making marginalised nonliterate’s agents of promoting health behaviours. The findings revealed that from the practical skills, the women experienced more confidence, increased awareness and understanding on health-related issues and improved well-being. Therefore, the study recommends that the Ministry of Gender, Labour and Social Development (MoGLSD), International Donors, Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) and Civil Society should ensure prioritisation, support and implementation of FAL training.
Gender-Specific Entrepreneurship Programs: Understanding the Lived experiences of Rural Women Entrepreneurs In Amolatar Sub-Region, Uganda
(Researchjournali’s Journal of Entrepreneurship, 2024) Akello, Judith Abal; Ebila, Florence; Ejang, Mary; Acanga, Alfred; Ayo, Harriet; Acio, Christine; Kabunga, Amir
Women constitute a significant portion of the global population and play vital roles in economic development through entrepreneurial activities. Despite their potential, female entrepreneurs, especially in developing countries like Uganda, face numerous challenges including limited access to capital, education, and support networks. This study investigates the impact of gender-specific entrepreneurship programs on rural women in the Amolatar Sub-Region, Uganda, focusing on their experiences, challenges, and contributions to economic development. A phenomenological research design was employed to capture the lived experiences of rural women entrepreneurs. The study was conducted in the Amolatar Sub-Region of Uganda, involving 26 beneficiaries of the Uganda Women Empowerment Program (UWEP), two focus group discussions (FGDs), and two key informant interviews with cultural leaders. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, FGDs, and document analysis, and were analyzed using thematic analysis. Five main themes emerged from the analysis: Economic Empowerment and Impact, where women reported significant improvements in their economic status through participation in UWEP, resulting in increased income and financial stability; Skill Development and Acquisition, where participants acquired essential business skills such as financial management and record-keeping, enhancing their ability to run and sustain their enterprises; Challenges and Resilience, where women faced obstacles including poor infrastructure, cultural barriers, and resistance from husbands but demonstrated resilience through group cohesion and adaptability; Gender Dynamics and Family Support, where support from husbands and family members varied, with a gradual shift in cultural attitudes towards women's economic participation; and Community Perception, Support, and Future Aspirations, where there was an evolving positive perception of women's roles, increased community support, and optimism about future business expansion and community development. Gender-specific entrepreneurship programs like UWEP significantly contribute to the economic empowerment of rural women in Amolatar, Uganda. The programs help women acquire crucial business skills, overcome challenges, and gain support from their families and communities. These initiatives are essential for fostering sustainable economic development and gender equality in rural areas. Keywords: Rural Women Entrepreneurs, Gender-Specific Programs, Economic Empowerment, Uganda Women Empowerment Program
The impact of financial benefits on employee productivity: A case study of the joint clinical research centre in Lango Region, Northern Uganda
(International Journal of Social Sciences Perspectives, 2023) Adong, Mercy Robinah; Akello, Judith Abal
This study investigates the impact of financial advantages on staff productivity within the Joint Clinical Research Centre. It aims to explain the relationship between financial benefits and employee performance, highlighting their significance in enhancing engagement. Employing a mixed-methods approach, this research combines quantitative data gathered through a structured questionnaire with qualitative insights derived from interviews. The study utilizes cross-sectional survey methodology, sampling 142 participants, including team leaders and various staff categories affiliated with the Joint Clinical Research program. Data analysis involves descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression analysis for quantitative data and content analysis for qualitative data. The study reveals a significant positive correlation between financial benefits and employee productivity, indicating that adequate financial incentives motivate employees to perform better. Regression analysis demonstrates that financial benefits can explain approximately 40.9% of the variability in employee productivity. The t-test results confirm a statistically significant association between financial benefits and employee productivity, rejecting the null hypothesis. Qualitative findings from key informants corroborate the importance of financial incentives in motivating employees and improving productivity. The study underscores the vital role of financial incentives in improving employee engagement and performance. Organizations, particularly in healthcare research, can leverage these insights to design strategies that enhance staff motivation, ultimately leading to increased productivity and better healthcare outcomes
Internal Control System and Revenue Collection in Local Governments A Case Study of Lira District Local Government
(Lira University, 2021) Okidi, Mike; Akello, Judith Abal; Opio, Bonny Charles
The study assessed the effect of internal control system on revenue collection in lira district local government. The main objective was to assess the effects of internal control system with emphasis on control environment, control activities and monitoring of controls on revenue collection. Specific objectives were to: examine the influence of control environment on revenue collection; assess the effect of control activities on revenue collection; and determine the effects of monitoring on revenue collection. The research adopted cross-sectional research design with descriptive and quantitative approaches., and employed both primary and secondary method of data collection with 93 respondents selected from the population of district staffs and executives. To determine the reliability of research instruments a pilot study was conducted before the actual data collection and further split half method was carried out to calculate Cronbach alpha. A value of above 0.899 was obtained and confirmed the reliability of the research instruments. The data was analyzed using both inferential (multiple regression and correlation) and descriptive statistics (frequencies, percentages, mean and standard deviation) and was presented by use of tables and charts. The study findings indicated that that control environment and monitoring has no significant effect on revenue collection (coefficient=0.542, p=0.005). The study recommends that, Lira district local government should ensure compliance with laws, regulations and operational controls in their internal control systems. Finally, there is need to avail competent internal and external professionals who have responsibilities of making an effective and efficient control environment as well as ensure effective control activities in their institution
Internal Control System and Revenue Collection in Local Governments. A Case Study of Lira District Local Government
(Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, 2021) Okidi, Mike; Akello, Judith Abal; Opio, Bonny Charles
The study assessed the effects of internal control system on revenue collection in Lira District local government. The main objective was to assess the effects of internal control system with emphasis on control environment, control activities and monitoring of controls on revenue collection. Specific objectives were to: examine the influence of control environment on revenue collection; assess the effects of control activities on revenue collection; and determine the effects of monitoring on revenue collection. The research adopted cross-sectional research design with descriptive and quantitative approaches, and employed both primary and secondary method of data collection with 93 respondents selected from the population of district staff and executives. To determine the reliability of research instruments a pilot study was conducted before the actual data collection and further split half method was carried out to calculate Cronbach alpha. A value of above 0.899 was obtained and confirmed the reliability of the research instruments. The data was analyzed using both inferential (multiple regression and correlation) and descriptive statistics (frequencies, percentages, mean and standard deviation) and was presented by use of tables and charts. The study findings indicated that that control environment and monitoring had no significant effect on revenue collection whereas control activities had significant effect on revenue collection (coefficient =0.542, p=0.005). The study recommends that, Lira district local government should ensure compliance with laws, regulations and operational controls in their internal control systems. Finally, there is need to avail competent internal and external professionals who have responsibilities of making an effective and efficient control environment as well as ensure effective control activities in their institution.
Microfinance Loans and Performance of Small and Medium Size Enterprises A Case Study of Lira City
(Lira University, 2021) Akite, Magdalene; Akello, Judith Abal; Opio, Bonny Charles
The study examined microfinance loans and performance of small and medium size enterprises in Lira City. SMEs in Lira City have created employment; it is a source of income and reduced poverty. SMEs have continued to decline for several factors like limited loan amount, short loan period, untimely disbursement of loans and high interest rates on loans from the microfinance institutions. The study was conducted in Lira City. The overall objectives of the study was to examine Microfinance loans and performance of small and medium size Enterprises in Lira City. The study used questionnaires and interviews as methods of data collection and the design used was causal research designs using qualitative and quantitative approaches. The results showed that there was low Level of low accessibility by SMEs In Lira City. There is low level of Performance of SMEs in Lira City and Microfinance (loan amount, loan interest, timeliness of loan disbursement and the loan period) contribute to performance of SMEs in Lira City. Loan amount contributes 20.2% to Performance of SMEs in Lira City. Loan interest contributes 13.6% to Performance of SMEs in Lira City. Timely loan disbursement contributes 2.9% to Performance of SMEs in Lira City and loan period contribute 41.5% to Performance of SMEs in Lira City. The conclusion is that Microfinance loans contributes of SMEs in Lira City. MFIs should increase provision of non-financial services for SMEs such as trainings on managerial skills to enhance entrepreneurial capability, savings and insurance so as to improve on their performance. MFIs to revise their policies on loan period which contributes 41.5% to performance to a longer period compared to the 12 months to enable these enterprises perform. MFIs should increase the amount of loan given to SMEs which is very crucial in their performance in Lira City. Further study ought to be led on how best SMEs can utilization of financing by equity, for example, Venture Capital, Business Angels and government funding to SMEs in Lira City. It is also important for future studies to be carried out on the impact of Microfinance Loans on the growth of SMEs in Lira City
Microfinance Loans and Performance of Small and Medium Size Enterprises in Lira City, Northern Uganda
(Asian Journal of Sustainable Business Research, 2022) Akite, Magdalene; Akello, Judith Abal; Opio, Bonny Charles
The study examined microfinanc e loans and the performance of small and medium size enterprises (SMEs) in Lira City. Data was collected using questionnaires and interviews and the design used was causal research designs using qualitative and quantitative approaches. The results showed t hat there was low Level of loan accessibility and performance by the SMEs. The study concludes that Microfinance loans contribute to performance of SMEs. Microfinance Institutions should increase provisions of non financial services, revise policies on loa n period and increase amount of loan given to SMEs to enhance entrepreneurial capability, savings and insurance so as to improve on their performance.
Revenue Collection and Service Delivery in Works Department of Amolatar District Local Government
(Lira University, 2022) Were, Mathias; Akello, Judith Abal
Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of revenue collection on service delivery in Uganda focusing on employees in Amolatar District Local Government. Specifically, the study sought to: examine the sources of revenue collection in Amolatar District, assess the level of service delivery in Amolatar District and to examine the relationship between revenue collection and service delivery in Amolatar District Local Government. Methods: The study employed the cross-sectional research design; employed both quantitative and qualitative approaches from a sample size of 113 respondents that was drawn using the Krejcie & Morgan (1970). The study used questionnaires and interview guide as research techniques to collect quantitative and qualitative data from primary and secondary sources. Quantitative data analysis was done using the SPSS package version 23 while thematic and content analysis was employed to analyse qualitative data. Findings: The study revealed that market dues, trading license and local service tax are all important sources of revenue. The study revealed that the level of quality and coverage of service delivery are above average while the timeliness of services is below average. Finally, the study indicated that market dues, trading license and local service tax are all positively associated with service delivery. Finally, the results of multiple linear regression yielded an adjusted R square value of 0.324, which implied that jointly, revenue collection contribute about 32.4% variation in service delivery in Amolatar District Local Government. Conclusions: Based on the above findings, the study concluded that Amolatar District Local Government should strengthen their effort and also come out with proper strategies of collecting revenue for those sources studied and leadership and the technocrats of Amolatar needs to a lot more in the area of timeliness of service provision in addition to quality and coverage of services. Recommendations: The study recommended that Amolatar District Local Government should come out with strategies of collecting revenue from all those sources which have been studied. Key words: Revenue Collection, and Service Delivery
Revenue Collection and Service Delivery in Works Department of Amolatar District Local Government
(Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, 2023) Were, Mathias; Akello, Judith Abal
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of revenue collection on service delivery in Uganda focusing on employees in Amolatar District Local Government. Specifically, the study sought to: examine the sources of revenue collection in Amolatar district, assess the level of service delivery in Amolatar district and to examine the relationship between revenue collection and service delivery in Amolatar district local government. The study employed cross sectional research design; employed both quantitative and qualitative approaches from sample size of 113 respondents that was drawn using Krejcie & Morgan (1970). The study used questionnaires and interview guide as research techniques to collect quantitative and qualitative data from primary and secondary sources. Quantitative data analysis was done using SPSS package version 23 while thematic and content analysis was employed to analyse qualitative data. The study revealed market dues, trading license and local service tax are all important sources of revenue. The study revealed that the level of quality and coverage of service delivery are above average while the timeliness of services is below average. Finally, the study indicated that market dues, trading license and local service tax are all positively associated with service delivery. Finally, the results of multiple linear regression yielded an adjusted R Square value of 0.324, which implied that jointly, revenue collection contribute about 32.4% variation in service delivery in Amolatar District Local Government. Based on the above findings, the study concluded that Amolatar district local government should strengthen their effort and also come out with proper strategies of collecting revenue for those sources studied and leadership and the technocrats of Amolatar needs to do a lot more in the area of the timeliness of service provision in addition to quality and coverage of services. The study therefore recommended that Amolatar District Local Government should come out with strategies of collecting revenue from all those sources which have been studies.
Reward management and employee commitment in financial institutions in Uganda; A case of Postbank Uganda Limited, Loan department in Northern Uganda
(Lira University., 2023) Otyang, Bosco; Akello, Judith Abal
Background: This study examined the effect of reward management on the commitment of employees in Postbank Uganda Limited. Specifically, the study looked at the effect of career development, employee benefit and bonus pay on the commitment of employees in Postbank Uganda Limited loans department. Using a sample of 85 staff drawn from a population of 114 staff of Postbank Uganda Limited, the study attempts to archive the objective of assessing the effect of reward management on employee commitment in financial institutions in Uganda. Methods: The study adopted a crossed-sectional survey design and employed quantitative approach. The data collected was tested for validity and reliability and analysed using SPSS Version 23 in form of descriptive statistics, correlations, and regressions. Findings: The finings of the study revealed firstly, that career development had a positive significant effect (Adjusted R Square = 34.4%, p< 0.01) on employee commitment in Postbank Uganda Limited. Secondly, employee benefit had a positive significant effect (Adjusted R square = 27.3%, P > 0.01) On Commitment in Postbank Uganda Limited. Thirdly, the examination of the effect of bonus pay on employee commitment in Postbank Uganda Limited revealed a positive and statistically significant effect (Adjusted R Square = 37.4%, p< 0.01). Recommendations: Based on the findings of this study, it is recommenced that Post Bank Limited should adopt reward management practices in order to enhance their level of employee commitment. Key words: Reward management, Employee, Commitment, Financial institutions, Postbank, Loan department.
Solid Waste Management Practices and Sustainable Environmental Management: A Case of Lira City
(Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 2023) Ocen, Lillian Apili; Akello, Judith Abal
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of effect of commercial waste management practices. Specifically, the study sought to: explore commercial solid waste management practices in Lira City, assess the level of environmental sustainability of Lira City and to examine the effect of commercial solid waste management practices on environmental sustainability of Lira City. The study employed cross sectional research design; employed both quantitative and qualitative approaches from sample size of 103 respondents that was drawn using Krejcie & Morgan (1970). The study used questionnaires and interview guide as research techniques to collect quantitative and qualitative data from primary and secondary sources. Quantitative data analysis was done using SPSS package version 23 while thematic and content analysis was employed to analyse qualitative data. The findings of the study revealed that waste compositing was the main way of managing solid waste by hotels and restaurants in Lira City. The study revealed that the level of environmental sustainability in Lira City was still below average as indicated by a Likert scale of 1-5 used by the researcher. Finally, the study indicated that the use of waste compositing and waste recycling to manage waste had a significant effect in Lira City. Based on the above findings, the study concluded that commercial solid waste in Lira City was being best managed by the use of compositing. The study therefore recommended that commercial waste management in Lira City should be managed at the local government, company, and community levels so that everybody can be in position to manage.
Solid Waste Management Practices and Sustainable Environmental Management: A Case Study of Lira City
(Lira University, 2022) Apili, Lillian Ocen; Akello, Judith Abal
Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of commercial waste management practices. Specifically, the study sought to: explore commercial solid waste management practice in Lira City, assess the level of environmental sustainability of Lira City and to examine the effect of the effect of commercial solid waste management practices on environmental sustainability of Lira City. Methods: The study employed cross sectional research designed; employed both quantitative and qualitative approaches from sample size of 103 respondents that was drawn using Krejice & Mogan (1970). The study used questionnaires and interview guide as research techniques to collect quantitative and qualitative data from primary and secondary sources. Quantitative data analysis was done using SPSS package version 23while thematic and content analysis was employed to analyse qualitative data. Findings: The findings of the study revealed that waste compositing was the main way of managing solid waste by hotels and restaurants in Lira City. The study revealed that the level of environmental sustainability in Lira City was still below average as indicated by a Likert scale of 1-5 used by the researcher. Finally, the study indicated that the use of waste compositing and waste recycling to manage waste had a significant effect in Lira City. Conclusion: Based on the above findings, the concluded that commercial solid waste in Lira City was being managed by the use of compositing. Recommended: The study therefore recommended that commercial waste management in Lira City should be manage at the local government, company, and community levels so that everybody can be in position to manage. Keywords: Solid Waste, Management Practices, Sustainable, Environmental Management
Strategic Management Processes and Financial Performance of Agro Processing SMEs In Lira
(Lira University, 2022) Akidi, Shalom Okucu; Akello, Judith Abal; Nsisi, Christine
Background: This study sought to establish the contribution of strategic management processes on financial performance of Agro processing firm in Lira City. Specially, the study focused on establishing the effect of strategic formulation on the financial performance of agro processing firms in Lira City, assessing the effect of implementation on the financial performance of agro processing firm in Lira City and examining the effect of evaluation on the financial performance of agro processing firm in Lira City. Methods: The study targeted all agro processing SMEs in Lira City approximately 620 in number and it focused on the key stakeholders; the general manager, the accountant and the production manager of which 234 owners and managers were sampled using simple random sampling from the construction firms. The study employed multiple regression analysis to analyse contribution of strategic management processes on financial performance of agro processing firm in Lia City. Finding: The finding of the study revealed that evaluation and control (p<0.001, β=0.369), and strategic implementation (p<0.001, β=0.428) are significant predicators of SME Financial performance. However, jointly evaluation and control, strategic implementation and strategic formulation explain 37.8% variation of all the possible factors that are likely to account for SME Financial performance in Lira City (Adjusted R2 =0.378). Recommendations: The study recommends that the management of all SMEs to ensure that their organizations adopt strategic management process by carrying out accurate situation analysis, involvement of all level employees in strategy formulation, implementation, and evaluation. Keywords: Strategic Management, Processes, Financial Performance, and Agro Processing SMEs

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